甘薯卷叶蛾幼虫空间分布型及应用研究

采用4种频次比较法和6种聚集指标公式测定了甘薯卷叶蛾幼虫空间分布型。结果表明，其在甘薯生长期间的分布是聚集分布。其聚集分布的原因是由环境条件所造成的。确定了理论抽样数据和田间抽样技术。     

油松毛虫越冬幼虫“部分轮枝抽样”技术的研究

本文探讨以油松的“部分轮枝”(从油松基部起第1,2,3轮枝层中着生1,2a生针叶的枝条段构成的轮枝层)代替整株油松作为样本单元,估计油松毛虫越冬幼虫口密度的可行性;拟合积性模型建立了越冬幼虫种群的“部分轮枝抽样”模型;并对模型的估计精度、可靠性及置信区间进行了分析,导出了理论抽样数的计算公式;最后对“部分轮枝抽样”模型进行了实际应用检验。     

A Review on Class D Audio Power Amplifier Control Techniques

Although class D amplifier has high efficiency, its distortion is larger than linear counterparts due to switching behaviour of power transistors. It is the hotspot of power electronics and audio power amplifier that researching new control technique to improve fidelity of class D amplifier. In this paper, a few novel control techniques in class D audio power amplifier are reviewed.     

The frequency of natural cross-fertilisation in sequential sowings of winter barley

Summary Estimations of random mating frequency were computed for a series of sequential autumn sowings of populations of winter barley. The estimations were by means of the maximum likelihood scoring method and three varieties, each carrying a recessive genetic marker, provided three independent estimations for each population. High levels of out-crossing were found in sowings made early in September, and a trend towards absence of out-crossing in populations sown in late November was evident. Although fluctuations in this trend could be accounted for by fluctuations in meteorological factors, a more profound underlying effect was evident in that the three marker varieties behaved similarly, though to different degrees. It is postulated that the principle effect of sowing date, as it affects out-crossing, is upon the development of the flowering apex, and that environmental conditions at flowering time merely modify flowering behaviour.     

A simple procedure for yield component analysis

Summary This paper introduces a simple method of analysing yield components. It allows quantification of the contribution of each component to the variability of final yield. The method is based on log-transforms of measurements of the component traits. Applications in heterosis breeding and stability analysis are discussed. The method is compared to other procedures of yield component analysis.     

土壤养分空间变异及合理取样数研究

土壤养分存在明显的空间差异，田间土壤养分合理取样数取决于养分要素自身空间变异程度和人们对数据精度的要求。若空间变异大、精度要求高则需要较多采样数，反之需较少样点数。计算结果表明，极大多数养分要素的合理取样数较实际取样数有较大幅度减少，意味着可大幅降低采样及分析成本。据统计学空间自相关和半方差函数方法研究结果，养分要素存在一定的空间自相关性，但不同方向上的自相关性有明显差异，独立间距也因养分要素而异。研究结果可为精准农业土壤养分样点密度设定、养分要素等值线绘制及精准施肥提供支持。     

精准农业土壤采样密度研究——以上海精准农业试验示范基地为例

通过土壤密集采样识别农田土壤物理生化性状的空间差异,构建土壤与农作物产量关系模型,用间接方法提高土壤性状信息的分辨率并定量评价这些信息的可靠性非常必要。在评价多种插值方法的基础上,对中国科学院上海精准农业示范基地每公顷3个样本、等距离系统抽样的280个土壤有机质样本采用克立格方法进行插值,估算样本之间土壤有机质含量和分析估算的可靠性,并与距离倒数函数插值法进行对比。对几个减少样本数量的方案进行分析,提出在满足精准水稻种植管理分区要求前提下可减少1/2原有土壤采样样本,并给出适于水稻精准种植土壤采样设计的逐步优化方法。     

在ERDASIMAGINE中建立邯郸市TM影像土地类型解译标志

为了准确地了解邯郸市的土地利用类型,掌握土地资源的发展动态,在ERDASIMAGINE软件支持下,将Landsat 5号卫星所得的TM4、3、2波段数据组合输出成为标准假彩色影像,对其进行几何校正、重采样、图像裁剪与镶嵌等操作,依据遥感图像特征、地物相关关系、区域特点和全国土地利用分类系统,对处理后所得的邯郸市TM影像建立土地类型解译标志。经过实地验证,其结果判正率比较高,可以满足解译精度的要求,这说明利用遥感技术建立土地利用类型解译标志是可行的。     

Using compiled species lists to make biodiversity comparisons among regions: A test case using Oregon butterflies

We explore two methods that correct for differential sampling effort when estimating the true number of species in a region based on samples such as those typically recorded in museum or conservation databases. The two methods are: (1) a phenomenological model that relies on a saturating sampling curve; and (2) a model based on a lognormal distribution of species abundances. We test these methods using a database for the butterflies of Oregon and find that the distribution of high-diversity areas, using the estimated, or “asymptotic”, diversities, is strikingly different from the geographic pattern one would deduce if the raw data were used, without correcting for differential sampling effort. Further, we show that differences in accuracy exist between the two estimation procedures, and that these differences are aggravated at small sample sizes; we argue that estimates based on the lognormal distribution should be preferred because they can offer substantial improvement over analyses based solely on the raw data, generally without risking overestimation. Lastly, using both the database and estimated values of butterfly diversity, we show that the distribution of endangered and numerically rare butterflies rarely coincides with “hotspots” or centers of biodiversity. Thus, protecting regions of Oregon rich in overall butterfly diversity will not normally protect the bulk of rare or endangered butterfly species.